Since there is no chemotherapy or specific treatment available targeting the TBE virus itself, symptomatic or supportive treatment (e.g. maintenance of the water and electrolyte balances) is required. This lack of targeting treatment emphasizes the necessity of tick prophylaxis. Repellent parasiticides may be the right choice to minimize attachment and subsequent feeding of the tick vector.

For humans, vaccinations are available. A continuous vaccination program with booster vaccinations is advisable if there is continued risk. An immunoglobulin preparation is also available for post-exposure prophylaxis.