CVBD Overview
Major canine diseases transmitted by ticks and sand flies Diseases | Ectoparasite/Vector | Pathogen | Clinics | Distribution | Anaplasmosis | Ixodes spp. ticks, like Castor Bean tick (I. ricinus) in Europe; Deer tick (I. scapularis) and Western black-legged tick (I. pacificus) in the U.S.; in the case of A. platys, the Brown Dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) | Bacteria (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys) | - Infestation of white blood cells (neutrophils)
- Signs: fever, lethargy, weight loss, diarrhoea, vomiting, seldom bleedings and lameness
- A. platys can infest platelets, thereby causing fever, depression and a bleeding tendency
| - US: states in the north-eastern, mid-Atlantic, upper north-central regions, and north-western California
- Europe: northern and central countries like Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Scandinavia, Scotland and many regions in eastern Europe including Russia
- A. platys: Common in tropical and temperate regions
| Babesiosis
| Ticks of several species; in Europe esp. the Ornate Cow tick (Dermacentor reticulatus) and the Brown Dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) | Protozoan (Babesia spp.) | - Infestation of red blood cells
- Signs: fever, lethargy, anorexia, anemia, red urine, splenomegaly, jaundice
| - Global distribution
- Common in Africa, Europe, Asia, America, Oceania
| Ehrlichiosis | Brown Dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) | Bacteria (Ehrlichia canis) | - Infestation of white blood cells (monocytes)
- Signs: fever, depression, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, weight loss, hair loss, lethargy, bleedings, eye signs
| - Widespread in tropical and temperate areas
- Reported from the USA, Europe (Mediterranean region) and Africa
| Heartworm Disease | Mosquitoes (Aedes, Culex, Anopheles spp.) | Filarial nematode Dirofilaria immitis | - Infestation of heart and lung
- Signs: weakness, lethargy and apathy, weight loss, dyspnea, coughing
| - Common in Southern Europe, US, Canada, Australia as well as South-eastern and Eastern Asia, including Japan
- Europe: prevalent in Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece and other peri-Mediterranean countries
| Lyme-Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) | Ixodes spp. ticks, like Castor Bean tick (I. ricinus) in Europe; Deer tick (I. scapularis) and Western black-legged tick (I. pacificus) in the U.S. | Bacteria (Borrelia spp.) | - Infestation of organs and connective tissues
- Signs: lameness, depression, fever, renal disease, cardiac disease, hepatic disease
| - US: states in the north-eastern, mid-Atlantic, upper north-central regions, and north-western California
- Europe: Germany, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Scandinavia, and many regions in Eastern Europe including Russia
- Occurrence also confirmed in Asia (China, Japan) and probably Australia
| Leishmaniosis | Sand flies (Phlebotomus spp.), esp. P. perniciosus in the Mediterranean Region and Lutzomyia longipalpis in South America | Protozoan (Leishmania infantum) | - Infestation of white blood cells in the bone marrow
- Signs: fever, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, wasting, lethargy, alopecia, skin lesions, eye signs, seldom liver and/or kidney failure, polyarthritis, diarrhoea
| - In more than 100 countries, from warm temperate through subtropical to tropical climates
- Extremely common in the Mediterranean area and South America; also found in Africa and Asia
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Ticks of several species, esp. Dermacentor ticks | Bacteria (Rickettsia rickettsii)
| - Infestation of endothelial cells lining arterioles and venules
- Signs: fever, anorexia, depression, lethargy, stiffness, oedema, lymphadenopathy
| - Across the US, and occasionally in Canada and South America
| Subcutaneous dirofilariosis | Mosquitoes (Aedes, Culex, Anopheles spp.) | Filarial nematode Dirofilaria repens | - Infestation of the skin
- Signs: small and painless nodules
| - Common in Southern Europe, Middle East, Asia and Africa
- Europe: prevalent in Italy, Southern France, Portugal, Spain, Greece and Eastern Europe
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